All questions worth 4 points.

1. Answers should include:

On balance, European incursion into the Americas produced considerable death, misery, and forced cultural change, though there were plenty of examples of resistance and avoidance of these consequences.
Densely settled indigenous populations such as the Aztecs in Tenotchitlán were decimated by smallpox and other diseases to which they had no immunity.
Though Aztec society was militarily strong, the impact of these diseases proved to be a decisive blow.
Once a region was under Spanish political control, missionaries were sent in to replace native belief systems with Christianity.
Frontier revolts by native peoples were frequent. One of the more famous revolts was that of the Pueblo Indians in 1680.
European greed proved to be a powerful force as settlers sought the advantage of the New World’s natural resources and arable land.

 

2. Answers should include:

  • Europeans brought new crops to the Americas, such as sugar and bananas, as well as horses and domestic livestock.
  • In exchange, the Americas offered crops new to the Europeans, such as maize, tomatoes, and peppers.

 

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